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# Lapse rate pdf
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The dry adiabatic temperature lapse rate is the temperature change with altitude when the atmosphere is rapidly overturning. In an absolutely unstable layer, the ELR is greater than the DALR, and vertical motions are fa-voured. The word lapse implies our expectation that the tem-perature change is negative The rate of expansion cooling for dry air is very close toC/km orF/mi and is called the dry adiabatic lapse rate (DALR). Recall that a lapse rate, specified as C/km or F/mi, quantifies how temperature (T) reases with height (z) under specified conditions. In an absolutely stable layer, the ELR is less than the SALR, and vertical motions are suppressed The temperature lapse rate in an atmosphere is the rate of rease of temperature with height; that is to say, it is −dT/dz. If air reaches saturation (and the conditions are right for cloud formation), vapor will condense to liquid or solid and release energy (J = 0) Moist (saturated) adiabatic lapse rate: ~K/km. The dry adiabatic lapse rate (defined as – dT/dz) is about + K/km. Average lapse rate in the troposphere: ~ K/km The environmental lapse rate (ELR) of an air layer determines the stability of that air layer. In general, the atmosphere is not dry. An adiabatic atmosphere is one in which P /ρ γ does not vary with height So the dry adiabatic vertical temperature gradient is about K/km. More exact values are C/km orF/mi, but we In general, the atmosphere is not dry. ATM – Fall, – Fovell. Review: the air parcel concept and the lapse rate. The figure below provides an example University of Utah The dry adiabatic temperature lapse rate is the temperature change with altitude when the atmosphere is rapidly Three important lapse rates. If air reaches saturation (and the conditions are right for cloud formation), vapor will condense to liquid or solid and release energy (J = 0) Lapse rates are usually expressed as the amount of temperature change associated with a specified amount of altitude change, such as °Kelvin (K) per kilometer, °K per adiabatic lapse rate (defined as –dT/dz) is about + K/km.